ABSTRACT This work aims to analyze the transformations in the landscape of the Ombrophilous Mixed Forest (OMF) in western Santa Catarina, using pig farming as the guiding thread, between the period that comprises the beginning of colonization, from the end of the 1910s to the end of the 1950s, when the agro-industrial sector of meat production was regionally consolidated. To this end, a varied typology of sources was analyzed, in dialogue with the precepts of environmental history.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las transformaciones en el paisaje del Bosque Ombrófilo Mixto (BOM) en oeste del estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil), utilizando la porcicultura como hilo conductor desde los años 1910 hasta finales de la década de 1950 cuando el sector agroindustrial de la producción de carne se consolida regionalmente. Para ello, se analizó una variada tipología de fuentes, en diálogo con los preceptos de la historia ambiental.

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa as transformações na paisagem da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) do Oeste catarinense, tendo como fio condutor a prática da suinocultura, entre o período que compreende o início da colonização, a partir de fins da década de 1910, até o final da década de 1950, quando o setor agroindustrial de produção de carnes se consolida regionalmente. Para isso, analisou-se uma variada tipologia de fontes, em diálogo com os preceitos da história ambiental.

Abstract The evaluation of new banana genotypes with agronomic potential and tolerant to the main pests and diseases is essential for the market. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative and productive characteristics of new potential banana clones, such as ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ and commercial cultivars. The experiment was implemented in a rural property located in the municipality of Nova Porteirinha, MG. The treatments consisted of ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ banana clones (genotypes selected from the ‘Prata Anã’ clone ‘Gorutuba’ tolerant to Panama disease) and four cultivars: ‘Prata Gorutuba’, ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘BRS Princesa’. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications and six useful plants per plot. The planting spacing used was 3.5 m x 1.7 m. The evaluations were carried out in the first and second production cycles. The ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and’ Prata Gorutuba R2’ clones in general showed excellent performance compared to the already consolidated cultivars. The clones presented median height and number of leaves in the ideal flowering for banana trees of the ‘Prata’ subgroup. Bunch and bunch weight, as well as production were similar to the ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Prata Gorutuba’ and ‘BRS Princesa’ cultivars. Considering that the clones evaluated present high tolerance to Fusarium wilt, the result indicates that the materials have great potential for the registration of new cultivars.

Resumo Avaliação de novos genótipos de bananeira com potencial agronômico e tolerantes às principais pragas e doenças é essencial para o mercado. Objetivou-se avaliar as características vegetativas e produtivas dos novos potenciais clones-elites de bananeira ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ e ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ e de cultivares comerciais. O experimento foi implantado em propriedade no município de Nova Porteirinha-MG. Os tratamentos consistiram nos clones-elites de bananeira ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ e ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ (tolerantes à murcha de Fusarium) e das cultivares: ‘PrataGorutuba’, ‘Prata-Anã’, ‘Grande Naine’ e ‘BRS Princesa’. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos emblocos ao acaso,com quatro repetições e seis plantas úteis por parcela. As avaliações foramrealizadas no primeiro e segundo ciclos de produção. Os clones-elites ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’e ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ apresentaram excelente desempenho, comparados às cultivares jáconsolidadas no mercado. Os clones-elites apresentaram altura de planta considerada mediana e número de folhas no florescimento ideal para bananeiras do subgrupo ‘Prata’. Peso decacho e de pencas, e produção foram semelhantes às cultivares ‘Prata-Anã’, ‘Prata Gorutuba’ e ‘BRS Princesa’. Considerando que os clones avaliados apresentam elevada tolerânciaà murcha de Fusarium, o resultado sugere que os materiais apresentam grande potencialpara o registro de novas cultivares.

RESUMO A análise da técnica desportiva entre diversos níveis de desempenho serve para estabelecer comparações metodológicas que contribuirão para a melhoria do desempenho motor especializado, nomeadamente dos desportos eminentemente técnico-tácticos. Neste sentido, o propósito da investigação é analisar as diferenças biomecânicas entre os atletas profissionais e os iniciantes de taekwondo no desempenho do pontapé Chigo-Chagüi com a perna dianteira. Foram estudados dois grupos independentes, Atletas Principiantes (DPRI) 15 principiantes e Atletas Profissionais (DPRO): 15 avançados ou profissionais), foram estudados indicadores de Velocidade, Ângulo de Flexibilidade e Centro de Gravidade e foi estabelecida uma comparação. Um ângulo inicial do DPRO=28,4° e DPRI: 27,34° (p=0,309) e um ângulo de impacto do DPRI= 117,93º e DPRO=129,2º (p=0,001) e um ângulo final do DPRI=31,34º e DPRO=26,34º (p=0,057), com um tempo de pontapé de execução do DPRO=1312ms e DPRI=1462 ms (p=0,009), um tempo máximo de pontapé de execução do DPRO=1312ms e DPRI=1462 ms (p=0 009), uma velocidade máxima de DPRO=6,86 m/s e DPRI=5,47 m/s (p=0,003) e uma aceleração média de DPRO=48,35 m/s2 e DPRI=36,55 m/s2 (p=0,029), sendo o centro de gravidade para o ponto de colisão no Eixo X sem diferenças significativas (p=0,506) e no Eixo y com diferenças significativas entre grupos independentes (p=0,029). As diferenças entre atletas avançados e iniciantes no pontapé de chigo-Chagüi com a perna dianteira são geralmente notáveis na maioria dos indicadores analisados, sendo o nível do atleta um indicador que permite descrever as deficiências técnicas.

ABSTRACT The analysis of sports technique between different performance levels serves to establish methodological comparisons that contribute to the improvement of specialized motor performance, including eminently technical-tactical sports. In this sense, the objective of the research is to analyze the biomechanical differences between professional and amateur taekwondo athletes in the performance of the Chigo-Chagüi kick with front leg. Two independent groups were studied, 15 Beginner Athletes (DPRI in Spanish) and15 Professional or advanced Athletes (DPRO in Spanish); indicators of Speed, Flexion Angle and Center of Gravity were studied and a comparison was established. An initial angle of DPRO=28.4° and DPRI: 27.34° (p=0.309) and an impact angle of DPRI= 117.93º and DPRO=129.2º (p=0.001) and a final angle of DPRI=31.34º and DPRO=26.34º (p=0.057) were determined, with a kick execution time of DPRO=1312ms and DPRI=1462 ms (p=0.009), a maximum velocity of DPRO=6.86 m/s and DPRI=5.47 m/s (p=0.003) and an average acceleration of DPRO=48.35 m/s2 and DPRI=36.55 m/s2 (p=0.029), being the center of gravity for the impact point in Axis X with no significant differences (p=0.506) and in Axis Y with significant differences between independent groups (p=0.029). The differences between advanced and beginner athletes in the chigo-chagüi kick with front leg are usually remarkable in most of the indicators analyzed, being the level of the athlete an indicator that allows describing the technical deficiencies.

RESUMEN El análisis de la técnica deportiva entre diferentes niveles de rendimiento sirve para establecer comparaciones metodológicas que tributan al perfeccionamiento del rendimiento motriz especializado, incluidos los deportes eminentemente técnico-tácticos. En tal sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es analizar las diferencias biomecánicas entre deportistas profesionales y amateurs de taekwondo en la realización de la patada Chigo-Chagüi con pierna delantera. Se estudiaron dos grupos independientes, Deportistas Principiantes (DPRI) 15 principiantes y Deportistas Profesionales (DPRO): 15 avanzados o profesionales), se estudiaron indicadores de Velocidad, Ángulo de Flexión y Centro de Gravedad y se estableció una comparación. Se determinó un ángulo inicial de DPRO =28,4° y DPRI: 27,34° (p=0.309) y un ángulo de impacto de DPRI= 117,93º y DPRO=129,2º (p=0.001) y un ángulo final de DPRI=31,34º y DPRO=26,34º (p=0.057), con un tiempo de ejecución de la patada de DPRO=1312ms y DPRI=1462 ms (p=0.009), una velocidad máxima de DPRO=6,86 m/s y DPRI=5,47 m/s (p=0.003) y una aceleración promedio de DPRO=48,35 m/s2 y DPRI=36,55 m/s2 (p=0.029), siendo el centro de gravedad para el punto de impacto en Eje X sin diferencias significativas (p=0.506) y en el Eje y con diferencias significativas entre grupos independientes (p=0.029). Las diferencias entre deportistas avanzados y principiantes en la patada chigo-chagüi con pierna delantera suelen ser notables en la mayoría de los indicadores analizados, siendo el nivel del atleta un indicador que permite describir las deficiencias técnicas.

ABSTRACT Increased planting density, different types of thinning management, and the use of beneficial microorganisms have been adopted as strategic tools in the effort to increase crop yields in a sustainable manner. This investigation evaluated the growth and production of ‘Prata Anã Gorutuba’ banana ( Musa spp., AAB) under different plant densities during two production cycles in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Micropropagated plantlets were also inoculated with endophytic bacteria and cultivated as part of two mat management strategies. Planting density varied between 1,680 and 3,920 plant ha–1. During the experiment, water was less than optimal because of rationing due to drought in the region. Under field conditions, there was no difference between bacterially inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The dense planting system increased the crop cycle. The highest-density planting treatment (3,920 plant ha–1) resulted in the highest yield in the first cycle, but no net income was observed. However, the high-density planting treatments resulted in the highest yields and gross incomes in the second production cycle. Management with thinning of plants up to 10-months-old and thinning up to harvest associated with high planting density increased the length of the production cycles. Although the water restriction experienced in the first and second crop cycles, the vegetative and productive traits of ‘Prata Anã Gorutuba’ banana did not compromise the objectives of this study.

Resumo O objetivo foi identificar as motivações, práticas sociais e comportamento de risco de mulheres tatuadas e não tatuadas. Participaram 316, divididas igualmente entre as categorias. As estratégias de acesso aos participantes foram variadas: técnica de snowball, redes sociais, contato pessoal e idas a estúdios de tatuagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um survey on-line, composto por: questões sociodemográficas, práticas sociais, motivações e comportamento de risco. Os principais resultados indicam que a maioria das mulheres apresenta satisfação com sua aparência após realizarem tatuagem e não as removeriam. Houve associação entre ter tatuagem e comportamento sexual de risco, prática sexual com desconhecidos, álcool e outras drogas e psicopatologia. A amostra apresentou mais semelhanças do que diferenças, sugerindo que a popularização e aceitação social da tatuagem têm refletido na diminuição das diferenças entre tatuados e não tatuados. Tais resultados podem permitir a construção de informativos que contribuam na desmistificação de estereótipos negativos frente à tatuagem.

Abstract This study aimed at identifying motivations, risk behavior and social practices, comparing tattooed and non-tattooed women. 316 women (50% tattooed) were surveyed online, answering questions on sociodemographic data, social practices, motivations, and risk behavior. Data collection strategies included snow-balling, social networks, personal contact, and visits to tattoo parlors. The main results indicate that the majority of women express satisfaction with their physical appearance after getting tattooed, and wouldn’t get the tattoo removed. Being tattooed correlated with risk behaviors such as casual sex with unknown people, alcohol and drug use, and psychopathology. The sample presented more similarities than differences between tattooed and non-tattooed groups, suggesting that growing popularization and social acceptance of tattooing has led to a decrease of the differences between the groups. Such results may inform future research and the production of informative materials aimed at demystifying negative stereotypes associated to tattoos.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar motivaciones, comportamiento de riesgo y prácticas sociales, entre mujeres con tatuajes y sin tatuajes. Participaron 316 mujeres 50% tatuadas y 50 % no tatuadas. Las estrategias de acceso a los participantes fueron variadas: técnica de snowball-bola de nieve), redes sociales, contacto personal e idas a estudios de tatuaje. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de un levantamiento online compuesto por preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos, prácticas sociales, motivaciones y comportamiento de riesgo. Los principales resultados indican que la mayoría de las mujeres expresan satisfacción con su apariencia física después de tatuarse y no se quitarían el tatuaje. Hubo asociación entre tener tatuaje y comportamiento sexual de riesgo, práctica sexual con desconocidos, alcohol y otras drogas y psicopatología. La muestra presenta más semejanzas que diferencias entre los dos grupos, sugiriendo que la popularidad y aceptación social del tatuaje han llevado a la disminución de las diferencias entre los dos grupos. Los resultados pueden permitir la construcción de materiales informativos que contribuyan para la desmitificación de estereotipos negativos frente al tatuaje.

Objective: this study aimed to investigate the social representations of people living with HIV/AIDS and their experiences of prejudice. Method: one hundred fifty- four (154) people living with HIV/AIDS participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and underwent a descending hierarchical analysis through the IRaMuTeQ software. Results: the study results showed that for these individuals the moment of diagnosis was perceived as a turning point, but after a while they eventually anchored their health condition as a chronic disease. Infection occurred mostly due to intravenous drug use and unprotected sex. Discussion: the participants reported that dealing with social prejudice was more difficult than living with HIV/ AIDS. Prejudice was a recurring daily experience for those who decided to reveal their serological status, and led to a practice of concealing their condition from society to avoid being rejected

Objetivo: este estudio buscó investigar las representaciones sociales del vivir con VIH/SIDA, así como las vivencias de prejuicios experimentadas por las personas que conviven con dicha condición. Método: participaron en el estudio 154 personas que conviven con el VIH/SIDA. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de entrevistas semi-directivas y sometidos a un análisis jerárquico descendente por medio del software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: los resultados demostraron que, en las representaciones sociales del vivir con VIH/SIDA, el momento del diagnóstico fue marcado, pero después de un tiempo los participantes acabaron anclando su condición médica como una enfermedad crónica. El contagio se produjo sobre todo por el uso de drogas inyectables y relaciones sexuales desprotegidas. Discusión: los participantes revelaron que era más difícil lidiar con el prejuicio que vivir con el VIH/SIDA en sí. El prejuicio fue una vivencia constante en el día a día de aquellos que decidieron revelar su estatus serológico, lo que determinó sus prácticas de callarse frente a la sociedad para no ser rechazado

ABSTRACT The present study had as the main objective the documentation and characterization of the different phenological stages, as well as the definition of the thermal requirements, of the atemoya tree for two agronomic seasons. From shoot development to senescence and beginning of the rest period eight main stages were described (shoot development, leaf development, shoot/bud growth, inflorescence appearance, flowering, fruit development, fruit maturity and senescence and the beginning of the rest period). The number of days and the thermal requirements for completing each phenological stage were different between the two agronomic seasons of the atemoya. The first and second agronomic season presented a period of 217 and 206 days, with thermal requirements of 2469 and 2302 degree days, respectively.

Abstract: The banana tree is associated with different species of endophytic bacteria that can stimulate plant growth. However, further studies are needed to better understand the relationships between this group of bacteria and the host plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the localization of the EB-40 (Bacillus sp.) through anatomical and ultrastructural analyses in micropropagated banana plantlets. The results demonstrated the effective colonization of the EB-40 isolate in the intercellular and intracellular spaces, as well as in the rhizosphere region. The wall of endophytic bacteria contains calcium and nitrogen. The EB-40 isolate was also observed to associate with the plasma membrane and cell wall. These results further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the colonization of plant cells by endophytic bacteria in micropropagated banana plantlets.

ABSTRACT Cultivation of the Andean Raspberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) contributes to the economic livelihood of nearly 12000 medium and small-scale producer families in Ecuador, however the low productivity of this crop and lack of quality of its fruit limit the possibilities of increasing income and fair commercialization of the product. Little knowledge about the effect of agro-climatic zones on the cultivation of this crop contributes to this situation. This research’s aim was to study the effect of three altitudinal levels, in Bolivar Province, Ecuador, on the harvesting of the Andean Raspberry. Plants with higher production and less phytosanitary problems, during the dry season, where selected in cooperation with local producers. Crops from three different altitudes were selected and subjected to in situ phenological and phytopathological characterization, studying 3 producers per zone, with 5 repetitions. An analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% were conducted in order to determine productivity differences between plants from the three zones. Significant variations were observed in the number of tertiary stems and number of leaves between plants located in the high and low altitudinal levels. This makes it possible to infer a productivity increase in the orchards located in the lowest altitudinal level. Days transcurred between blooming and harvest are also less in the low altitudinal level, which allows for more production cycles per year and consequently a higher revenue for small-scale producers of this berry.

RESUMEN La mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth) contribuye al sustento económico de cerca de 12000 familias de medianos y pequeños productores en el Ecuador pero la baja productividad de las plantaciones y la falta de calidad de la fruta, limitan las posibilidades de mejorar los ingresos y de comercializar de manera justa el producto. El escaso conocimiento de las consecuencias de las zonas agroclimáticas sobre el cultivo contribuye a este panorama. En esta investigación se planteó estudiar el efecto sobre el cultivo de Mora de Castilla de tres pisos altitudinales de la provincia Bolívar, Ecuador. Se procedió a la selección de plantas con mayor producción y menores problemas fitosanitarios, en época seca y en conjunto con los productores. Se seleccionaron cultivos ubi cados tres alturas diferenciadas y se realizó una caracterización fenológica y fitopatológica in situ de dichas plantas, estudiando 3 tratamientos productores por zona, con 5 repeticiones. Para determinar diferencias de productividad entre las plantas de las tres zonas se realizó un análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey al 5 %. Se observa variaciones significativas en el número de tallos terciarios y en el número de hojas, entre las plantas ubicadas en el piso altitudinal alto y bajo, lo que permite inferir un aumento de la productividad de los huertos de este último piso altitudinal. Igualmente los días transcurridos de la floración a la cosecha son menores en el piso altitudinal bajo, lo que permitiría mayores ciclos de producción por año, con su consecuente aporte económico.

ABSTRACT Forty isolates of endophytic bacteria isolated from banana tree roots were assessed as to their capacity to solubilize phosphate in a solid culture medium supplemented with different inorganic and one organic source of phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus (P) in each liquid medium was quantified, and an indirect assessment of acid phosphatase activity was performed. All assays had a fully randomized design, with three repetitions. Approximately 67.5% of the 40 isolates assessed in solid medium solubilized phosphorus from tricalcium phosphate and 7.5% of the isolates solubilized phosphorus from soy lecithin; no isolates exhibited P solubilization capacity in medium supplemented with iron phosphate. Acid phosphatase activity was detected in 65% of the isolates; Aneurinibacillus sp. and Lysinibacillus sp. isolates presented with the best solubilization indexes. All of the assessed isolates exhibited a capacity to reduce the potential of hydrogen in liquid medium supplemented with tricalcium phosphate. Isolate EB. 78 (Bacillus sp.) exhibited P solubilization capacity in solid media when Ca3(PO4)2 and soy lecithin were used as P sources; this isolate significantly reduced the pH of the liquid medium and exhibited acid phosphatase activity. The results of the present study highlight isolates that exhibit variations in their capacity to solubilize P. These isolates should be used in future tests to assess their field performance.

RESUMO A utilização de biofertilizantes ou inoculantes microbianos capazes de promover o crescimento e incrementar a produtividade das plantas têm sido aceita como alternativa a redução do uso de adubos químicos. Diante do exposto objetivou-se avaliar o o crescimento e qualidade de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira ‘Prata Anã’ após a bioinoculação de bacterias endofíticas promotoras de crescimento. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, e os tratamentos foram compostos por 24 isolados de bactérias endofíticas. Os isolados EB-50 ( Bacillussp.), e EB-133 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) caracterizados como fixadores biológicos de nitrogênio, o EB-51 (Bacillus pumilus) solubilizador de fosfato inorgânico e os isolados EB-55 () e EBacillussubtilisB-40 (Bacillus sp.) sintetizadores do ácido indol-3-acético, propiciaram os maiores incrementos para o comprimento, diâmetro do pseudocaule, massas frescas e massas secas nas mudas micropropagadas de bananeira ‘Prata Anã’.

ABSTRACT The use of bio-fertilizers and microbial inoculants that promote plant growth and increased yield has been accepted as an alternative to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria inoculation on growth and quality of micropropagated banana seedlings ‘Prata Anã’. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications and the treatments consisted of 24 isolates of endophytic bacteria. The isolates EB-50 (Bacillus sp.) and EB-133 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) characterized as diazotrophic, the EB-51 (Bacillus pumilus) indicate for inorganic phosphate solubilization and EB-55(Bacillus subtilis) and EB-40 (Bacillus sp.) indole-3-acetic acid producers have provided significant increases for length, pseudostem diameter, fresh masses and dry masses in ‘Prata Anã’ micropropagated banana seedlings.

ABSTRACT The phenological growth stages of various species of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants can be uniformly coded using the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. The aim of the present study was to determine the duration of different phenological stages and the temperature requirements of the sugar-apple, Annona squamosa, during two crop cycles in the semiarid region of Brazil. Phenological stages were divided into eight of ten possible principal stages: (0) bud development, (1) leaf development, (3) shoot/branch development, (5) inflorescence emergence, (6) flowering, (7) fruit development, (8) fruit maturity and (9) senescence and the beginning of dormancy. The phenological cycle of the sugar-apple from having closed leaf buds to the fruit ripening stage lasted 149 and 164 days with temperature requirements of 1684.5 and 1786.7 degree days (DD) for the first and second crop cycles, respectively. The results provided important information that will inform the correct timing for crop management practices.

Resumo Este trabalho teórico discute os processos de subjetivação do consumismo e suas consequências psicológicas. Seu regime é estudado através de seu imaginário social e seu caráter totalitário: o discurso hegemônico da publicidade absorve todas as formas de discurso e significação, assim realizando o telos do capitalismo - a colonização do Lebenswelt sob um imperativo: tudo deve tornar-se mercadoria, especialmente o sujeito. Um processo de totalização ocorre sob uma lógica de mercantilização centrada na representação: toda imagem deve ser transformada em signo-mercadoria. O imaginário de consumo aparece como uma ideologia totalizante, funcionando como représentations collectives (Durkheim) arcaicas e simulando um imaginário religioso, produzindo subjetividade em massa por meio de participation mystique (Lévy-Bruhl) com seus signos-mercadoria (fetiche) e com o próprio imaginário. Seu sujeito é definido como uma bricolagem de signos-mercadoria consumíveis, sendo portanto eternamente fluído, performativo e etéreo. Produz assim uma mutação antropológica, o sujeito-mercadoria: um self descartável, vazio e totalmente mercantilizado.

Abstract This theoretical work discusses consumerism's processes of subjectivation and their psychological consequences. Its regime is studied through its social imaginary and its totalitarian character: the discourse of advertising, as a global hegemon, absorbs all forms of discourse and signification, thereby actualizing capitalism's telos - the colonization of the Lebenswelt under a great imperative: everything must become a commodity, especially the subject. A process of totalization of subjectivity occurs under a commodification logic centered on the representation: every image must be transformed into commodity-signs. Thus the consumption imaginary appears as a totalizing ideology, functioning as archaic représentations collectives (Durkheim) and simulating a religious imaginary. It mass-produces subjectivity through participation mystique (Lévy-Bruhl) with its commodity-signs (and their fetish) and the whole imaginary. Its subject is defined as a bricolage of consumable commodity-signs, being therefore eternally fluid, performative, and ethereal. Thus it produces an anthropological mutation, the commodity-subject: a disposable, empty, thoroughly commodified self.

Resumen Este trabajo teórico discute los procesos de subjetivación del consumismo y sus consecuencias psicológicas. Su régimen es estudiado a través de su imaginario social y su carácter totalitario: el discurso hegemónico de la publicidad absorbe todas las formas de discurso y significación, así realizando el telos del capitalismo - la colonización del Lebenswelt bajo un imperativo: todo debe convertirse en mercancía, en especial el sujeto. Un proceso de totalización ocurre bajo una lógica de mercantilización centrada en la representación: toda imagen debe ser transformada en signo-mercancía. El imaginario de consumo aparece como una ideología totalizante, funcionando como représentations collectives (Durkheim) arcaicas y simulando un imaginario religioso, produciendo subjetividad en masa por medio de participation mystique (Lévy-Bruhl) con sus signos-mercancía (fetiche) y con el propio imaginario. Su sujeto es definido como un bricolaje de signos-mercancía consumibles, siendo por tanto eternamente fluido, performativo y etéreo. Produce de esta manera una mutación antropológica, el sujeto-mercancía: un self desechable, vacío y totalmente mercantilizado.

The genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria in banana 'Prata Anã' roots was characterized. Two hundred and one endophytic bacteria were isolated, 151 of which were classified as Gram-positive and 50 as Gram-negative. No hypersensitivity response was observed in any of the isolates. The rep-PCR technique generated different molecular profiles for each primer set (REP, ERIC and BOX). Fifty readable loci were obtained and all of the fragments were polymorphic. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) of the isolates based on cleavage with four restriction enzymes yielded 45 polymorphic bands and no monomorphic bands. PCR amplified the nifH gene in 24 isolates. 16S rDNA sequencing of the 201 bacterial isolates yielded 102 high-quality sequences. Sequence analyses revealed that the isolates were distributed among ten bacterial genera (Agrobacterium, Aneurinibacillus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Paenibacillus, Rhizobium and Sporolactobacillus) and included 15 species. The greatest number of isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus. The bacteria identified in this study may be involved in promoting growth, phosphate solubilization, biological control and nitrogen fixation in bananas.

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é um grande desafio para a saúde pública no Brasil, particularmente nos estados onde é endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação da densidade populacional de flebotomíneos com as variáveis ambientais (temperatura, precipitação de chuva e umidade relativa do ar) em bairros urbanos de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Os flebotomíneos foram capturados com armadilhas CDC instaladas mensalmente no intra e peridomicílio de três casas. A análise dos dados foi baseada no teste Qui-quadrado e na regressão linear. Foram capturados 7.347 flebotomíneos, sendo 93,85% Lutzomyia longipalpis e 6,15% Lutzomyia evandroi. Os flebotomíneos foram encontrados mais comumente no peridomicílio e nenhuma diferença significativa entre o número de machos e fêmeas foi observada. As variáveis estação chuvosa, bem como a umidade relativa e precipitação de chuva, associadas ou isoladas, não influenciou a densidade populacional dos flebotomíneos. No entanto, a alta temperatura afetou essa densidade de forma negativa. Portanto, este estudo específico em áreas endêmicas é importante, porque as agências de Saúde Pública podem usar essas informações para um planejamento adequado das medidas de controle de vetores LV.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health challenge in Brazil, especially in states where it is endemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of sand fly population density with environmental variables (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) in urban areas of the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Sand flies were captured with Center Disease Control (CDC) traps installed monthly in the intra and peridomicile of three houses. Data analysis was based on the chi-square test and linear regression. A total of 7,347 sand flies were captured, being 93.85% Lutzomyia longipalpis and 6.15% Lutzomyia evandroi. Sand flies were more commonly found in the peridomicile and there was no difference between the number of males and females. The variables rainy season as well as relative humidity and rainfall, alone or together, did not have an effect on sand fly population density. However, high temperatures had a negative effect. The study of the behavior of sand flies in specific units of endemic areas can provide input to public health authorities for planning appropriate VL vector control measures.